Abstract
Historically, the internationalization process has been identified with two principal models: the Swedish’s Upsala model developed by Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul (1975) and Johanson and Vahlne (1977), and the American’s Innovation model, that derives mainly from Andersen’s work (1993); Ruzzier considers both models to be traditional models of internationalization (Ruzzier, Hisrich y Antoncic, 2006). Vahlne and Johanson in their 2017 paper called the internalization’s theory (Buckley y Casson, 1976; Rugman, 1981; Narula y Verbeke, 2015) and the eclectic paradigm (Dunning, 1988, 1991) as dominant theoretical perspectives on multinational evolution. Within the non-traditional models of internationalization according to the same author (Ruzzier et al., 2006) are the network approach (Coviello y Munro, 1997) and the international entrepreneurship approach (McDougall y Oviatt, 1997, 2000; Antoncic y Hisrich, 2001; Ruzzier et al., 2006). The development of new theories of internationalization is required; these should incorporate the analysis of the time dimension, the role of the entrepreneur, and technological change in the internationalization process.