Palabras clave
Precisión metacognitiva
Estrategias de estudio
Cómo citar
Resumen
Los juicios metacognitivos son cruciales para el seguimiento y mejora de los procesos de aprendizaje, ya que permiten a los estudiantes evaluar sus conocimientos, metodologías y rendimiento académico. Estos juicios contribuyen a la búsqueda de estrategias para un aprendizaje exitoso. Esta investigación analizó la precisión metacognitiva entre los juicios predictivos y el rendimiento real en estudiantes universitarios (N= 56) después de una intervención metacognitiva durante un semestre. La intervención permitió a los estudiantes explorar diversas estrategias de estudio, planeación y monitoreo de actividades. Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa con un diseño experimental, que incluyó un grupo control y un grupo experimental. Se registraron juicios predictivos, como la estimación de notas esperadas y el nivel de confianza en dichas estimaciones, así como las notas reales obtenidas en cuatro momentos durante el semestre. Estos datos se usaron para medir la calibración de los juicios metacognitivos. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo experimental, que recibió la intervención metacognitiva, mejoró la precisión de sus juicios metacognitivos en comparación con el grupo control. No obstante, en ambos grupos se observó una tendencia a sobreestimar las calificaciones, siendo más pronunciada en el grupo control que no recibió la intervención. Así, el análisis de los resultados indica que las estrategias metacognitivas para aumentar la conciencia sobre el propio aprendizaje impactan positivamente en la mejora de los procesos de aprendizaje, reflejándose en una mayor precisión, niveles de confianza adecuados y calibraciones más altas.
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