Perceived Parenting Styles and Happiness in Teenagers and Young Adults from Lima Metropolitan

• Tomás Caycho Rodríguez

  Universidad de San Martín de Porres

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5349-7570

• Kelly Contreras Paredes

  Universidad de San Martín de Porres

• César Merino Soto

  Universidad de San Martín de Porres

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-8306

The aim of the current study is to find the correlation between perceived parenting styles and happiness in a sample of 102 teenagers and young adults from Lima Metropolitan, 64 women and 38 men ranging in age from 17 to 28 years. The design of this study is correlational and predictive. The instruments used to collect information were the Scale of Perceived Parenting “My childhood memories” (EMBU-Short Form), and the Happi- ness Scale of Lima. The results indicate that there are significant correlations between the dimensions of perceived parenting styles and happiness in the sample studied. A multiple regression analysis has been done to determine which of the dimensions of perceived parenting styles is the best predictor of happiness, the analysis reveal that the variable father’s rejection and mother´s emotional warmth explained 23 % of the total variance in Happiness

Alarcón R. (2003). Hallazgos y reflexiones sobre la psicología de la felicidad, Teoría e Investigación en Psicología, 11, 159-176.

Alarcón, R. (2006). Desarrollo de una escala factorial para medir la felicidad. Revista Interamericana de Psicología, 1(4), 99-106.

Alarcón, R. (2009). Psicología de la felicidad. Introducción a la psicología positiva. Lima: Universidad Ricardo Palma.

Alarcón, R. (2011). Psicología Contemporánea. Ensayos. Lima: Editorial Universitaria.

Alarcón, R., & Caycho, T. (2015). Relaciones entre gratitud y felicidad en estudiantes universitarios de Lima Metropolitana. Psychologia: avances de la disciplina, 9(1), 59-69.

Arrindell, W. A., Sanavio, E., Aguilar, G., Sica, C., Hatzichristou, C., Eisemann, M., Recinos, L. A., Gaszner, P., Peter, M., Battagliese, G., Kállai, J., & van der Ende, J. (1999). The development of a short form of the EMBU: Its appraisal with students in Greece, Guatemala, Hungary and Italy. Personality and Individual Differences, 27(4), 613-628. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00192-5

Arrindell, W. A., & Engebretsen, A. A. (2000). Convergent validity of the Short-EMBU and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI): Dutch findings. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 7(4), 262-266. doi: 10.1002/1099-0879(200010)7:4<262::AID-C PP257>3.0.CO;2-9

Baumrind, D. (1966). The Discipline controversy revisited. Family Relations, 45(4), 405-414.

Broderick, P. C., & Blewitt, P. (2003). The life span: Human development for helping professionals. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Carrobles, J., & Gámez, M. (2012). Manual del psicólogo de familia: un nuevo perfil profe- sional. Madrid: Pirámide.

Caycho, T. (2010).Variables psicológicas asociadas con la felicidad en centros peri-urbanos y urbanos marginales de Lima. Scientia UCV, 2(1) 61-68.

Caycho, T. (2016). Relación con los padres y estrategias de afrontamiento en adolescentes de Lima. Propósitos y Representaciones, 4(1), 11-59. doi: 10.20511/pyr2016.v4n1.86

Cheng, H., & Furnham, A. (2004). Perceived parental rearing style, self-esteem and self-criticism as predictors of happiness, Journal of Happiness Studies 5(1), 1-21. doi: 10.1023/B:JOHS.0000021704.35267.05

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Fluir (flow). Una psicología de la felicidad. Barcelona: Editorial Kairós.

Darling, N. & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model.

Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487-496. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487

Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and proposal for a

national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34-43. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34

Domenech, M., Donovick, R., & Crowley, S. (2009). Parenting styles in a cultural context: Observations of ‘‘protective parenting’’ in first generation latinos. Family Process, 48(2), 1-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2009.01277.x

Dwairy, M. (2007). Parental inconsistency versus parental authoritarianism: association with symptoms of psychological disorders. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, doi 10.1007/s10964-007-9169-3

Dwairy, M., & Dor, A. (2009). Parenting and psychological adjustment of adolescent immigrants in Israel. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(3), 416-425. doi: 10.1037/ a0015830

Engin, M., Deniz, L., Karakus, Ö., Zeliha, T., Jale, E., Zümra, Ö., & Erdal, H. (2013). Parental Attitude Perceived by University Students as Predictors of Subjective Well-Being and Life Satisfaction. Scientific Research, 3(4), 169-173. doi: 10.4236/ psych.2013.43025

Furnham, A., & Cheng, H. (2000). Perceived parental behaviour, self-esteem and happiness. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 35(10), 463-470. doi: 10.1007/s001270050265

Holden, G. W., & Miller, P. C. (1999). Enduring and different: A meta-analysis of the similarity in parents’ child rearing. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 223. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.223

Maccoby, E., & Martin, J. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. En P. H. Mussen (Series Ed.) & E. M. Hetherington (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology, 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (4.th ed., pp. 1-101). New York: Wiley.

Merino, C., & Arndt, S. (2013). Análisis factorial confirmatorio de la Escala de Estilos de Crianza de Steinberg: validez preliminar de constructo. Revista de Psicología, 22(2), 189-214.

Montero, I., & León, O. G. (2007). Guía para nombrar los estudios de investigación en Psicología. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7(3), 847-862.

Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. B. (1979). A parental bonding instrument. British

Journal of Medical Psychology, 52(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02487.x

Perris, C., Jacobsson, L., Lindström, H., Von Knorring, L., & Perris, H. (1980). Development of a new inventory for assess-ing memories of parental rearing behaviour. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 61(4), 265-274. doi: 10.1111/j.1600- 0447.1980.tb00581.x

Petito, F., & Cummins, R. A. (2000). Quality of life in adolescence: the role of perceived control, parenting style, and social support. Behaviour Change, 17(3), 196-207. doi:10.1375/bech.17.3.196

Raboteg-Saric, Z., & Sakic, M. (2014). Relations of parenting styles and friendship quality to self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness in adolescents. Applied Research In Quality of Life, 9(3), 749-765. doi: 10.1007/s11482-013-9268-0

Radziszewska, B., Richardson, J. L., Dent, C. W., & Play, B. R. (1996). Parenting style and adolescent suppressive symptoms, smoking, and academic achievement: Ethnic, gender, and SES differences. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 19, 289-305. doi: 10.1007/BF01857770

Richaud, M. C. (2005). Versión abreviada del Inventario de la Percepción de los Hijos acerca de las Relaciones con sus Padres para Adolescentes. Psicodiagnosticar, 15, 99-106.

Richaud, M. C., Mestre, M. V., Lemos, V., Tur, A., Ghiglione, M., & Samper, P. (2013). La influencia de la cultura en los estilos parentales en contextos de vulnerabilidad social. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 31(2), 419-431.

Rojas, M. (2015). Felicidad y estilos de crianza parental. Documento de Trabajo 016/2015.

México D. F.: Centro de Estudios Espinosa Yglesias.

Sandler, I. N., Wolchick, S. A., MacKinnon, D., Ayers, T. S., & Roosa, M. W. (1997). Developing linkages between theory and intervention in stress and coping processes. En S. A. Wolchick & I. N. Sandler (Eds.), Handbook of Children’s Coping. Linking Theory and Intervention (pp. 3-40). Nueva York: Plenum Press.

Schaefer, E. S. (1965). Children’s reports of parental behavior: An Inventory, Child

Development, 38(2), 413-424.

Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: an introduction.

American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.

Seligman M. E. P. (2004). Aprende Optimismo. Barcelona: De bolsillo.

Shaw, B., Krause, N., Chatters, C., Connell, C. M., & Ingersoll, B. (2004). Emotional support from parents early in life, aging, and Health. Psychology and Aging, 19(1), 4-12. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.19.1.4

Skinner, E. A., & Welborn, J. G. (1994). Coping during childhood and adolescence: A motivational perspective. En R. Lerner, D. Featherman & M. Perlmutter (Eds.), Lifespan Development and Behavior, (vol. 12, pp. 91-123). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.

Suldo, S. M., & Huebner, E. S. (2004). The role of life satisfaction in the relationship between authoritative parenting dimensions and adolescent problem behavior. Quality-of-Life Research on Children and Adolescents, 66, 165-195. doi: 10.1007/978- 1-4020-2312-5_9

Van Huisstede, L. (2013). Perceived Parenting, Emotion Regulation, and Adult Depression. (Tesis de Maestría inédita). Arizona State University, Arizona, USA.

• PDF (Spanish)

Copyright (c) 2016 Tomás Caycho Rodríguez / Kelly Contreras Paredes / César Merino Soto

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.